Tourism as a whole is a broad term that includes any person staying outside of his or her normal environment for between one day and one year for recreational, leisure or business reasons. This can include types of domestic tourism and international tourism . But within these two categories of tourism are many divisions.

旅游业作为一个整体是一个宽泛的术语，包括任何人出于娱乐、休闲或商务原因在其正常环境之外逗留一天至一年。这包括国内旅游和国际旅游。但在这两类旅游中有许多分歧。

Adventure Tourism and Disaster Tourism，as different kinds of tourism go, adventure tourism is probably one of the most adventurous. Travelers head for remote, exotic and possibly hostile areas to explore cultures or activities outside of their comfort zones.Adventure tourism-also called extreme tourism-includes tourism of native societies, ghettos, jungles and urban areas.

探险旅游与灾难旅游，作为不同种类的旅游，探险旅游可能是最冒险的旅游之一。旅行者前往偏远、异国情调和可能充满敌意的地区，探索他们舒适区之外的文化或活动。探险旅游，又称极限旅游，包括土著社会、贫民区、丛林和城市地区。

Agritourism，as a type of both foreign and domestic tourism, agritourism involves travel to a farm or ranch, including farm stays at anything from bed and breakfasts to dude ranches, produce purchase from farm stands, corn mazes, wine and cheese making, and fruit picking. It's one of the growing forms of tourism in areas including Australia, Canada, the U.S. and the Philippines.

农业旅游，作为一种国内外旅游，包括到农场或牧场旅游，包括在农场住宿，去花花公子牧场吃早餐，去农场摊位购买农产品，玉米迷宫，葡萄酒和奶酪制作，以及水果采摘。在澳大利亚、加拿大、美国和菲律宾等地区，这是一种不断增长的旅游形式。

Backpacking and Freehiking，this kind of tourism has two branches-wilderness and travel.Wilderness backpacking usually involves hiking and camping overnight in the backcountry with not much more than a backpack carrying supplies and equipment. In a professional sense, it's used by soldiers, professional guides, photographers, scientific and academic researchers, park rangers,and search and rescue personnel.

背包旅行和徒步旅行，这种旅游有两个分支——荒野旅行和背包旅行。荒野旅行和背包旅行通常涉及徒步旅行和在穷乡僻壤露营过夜，携带的用品和设备不超过一个背包。从专业意义上讲，它被士兵、专业导游、摄影师、科学和学术研究人员、公园管理员和搜救人员使用。

Travel backpacking is often used to describe low-cost, independent international travel that include factors such as using public transportation, staying in hostels instead of hotels,and using a backpack for portability. A lot of times this type of tourism is viewed less as a vacation and more of a cultural learning experience.

背包旅行经常被用来描述低成本，独立的国际旅行，包括使用公共交通，住青年旅社而不是酒店，以及使用背包便于携带等因素。很多时候，这种类型的旅游与其说是度假，不如说是一种文化学习体验。

Cultural tourism, or heritage tourism, involves immersion in a society's lifestyle, its people's history, its art and architecture, its religion,and any other elements that have shaped it and its people. It can also include participation in a culture's rituals or festivals.

文化旅游，或遗产旅游，涉及沉浸在一个社会的生活方式，其人民的历史，其艺术和建筑，其宗教，以及任何其他因素，塑造了它和它的人民。它也可以包括参与一种文化的仪式或节日。

This is related also to culinary tourism, where travelers pursue unique and memorable drinking and dining; educational tourism, which includes student exchange programs and study tours; and ethno tourism, where travelers observe a country's native people without the intent of scientific gain.

这也与烹饪旅游有关，旅游者追求独特和难忘的饮酒和用餐；教育旅游，包括学生交流方案和学习旅行；民族旅游，旅游者观察一个国家的土著人民，而不打算获得科学收益。

For the more doom-and-gloom type of tourist,dark tourism and war tourism also called black tourism or grief tourism-involves visiting sites associated with suffering and death. These include castles and battlefields,natural and manmade disaster areas, prisons, and dungeons. It's also related to war tourism, or travel to active war zones.

对于比较悲观的游客来说，黑暗旅游和战争旅游也被称为黑色旅游或悲伤旅游-包括参观与痛苦和死亡有关的地点。这些包括城堡和战场，自然和人为的灾区，监狱和地牢。这也与战争旅游，或前往活跃战区有关。

As part of the green movement, ecotourism is defined as smallscale, low-impact travel to fragile, untouched and protected areas. This type of domestic and international tourism strives to educate, provide funds for conservation, benefit economic and political development, and promote respect for cultures and human rights.

作为绿色运动的一部分，生态旅游被定义为去脆弱的，未触及的保护区的小规模、低影响的旅游。这种国内外的旅游努力教育、为保护提供资金、促进经济和政治发展以及促进对文化和人权的尊重。

Pop-Culture Tourism and Sports Tourism，this kind of tourism is pretty much exactly what it sounds likegoing to visit locations featured in books, film, music, TV and other forms of entertainment. And it appeals to many different types of tourists who's not interested in Elvis or Superman or the Beatles or something?

流行文化旅游和体育旅游，这种旅游几乎就是听起来像去参观地方的书籍，电影，音乐，电视和其他形式的娱乐。它吸引了许多不同类型的游客，他们对猫王、超人、披头士或其他感兴趣的东西。

Religious tourism，also referred to as faith tourism, this type of tourism encompasses people of faith who travel independently or in groups to holy cities or holy sites for fellowship, missionary or pilgrimage.

宗教旅游，也称为信仰旅游，这种类型的旅游包括独立或成群结队前往圣城或圣地进行团契、传教或朝圣的信徒。

Space tourism is—you guessed it-travel in space! Obviously, most of this is done for business purposesbecause the average person can't afford a quick getaway to outer space ... though it can be done! The Russian Space Agency is the only one that offers it, but allegedly it comes in at a whopping $20--35 million per flight. That definitely makes the price of simpler types of domestic tourism seem like pocket change!

太空旅游是-你猜对了-在太空中旅行！显然，大部分这样做是出于商业目的，因为一般人负担不起快速逃离到外太空的费用。俄罗斯航天局是唯一提供这种服务的国家，但据称每次飞行的费用高达2000-3500万美元。这无疑让简单类型的国内旅游的价格看起来像是零钱！